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A Quick Guide to IPv6

March 10, 2013 by Richard Vincenti Jr 1 Comment

In order to better understand what IPv6 is and why it’s important to the internet’s future, we should briefly discuss what Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is and what the main problem with it is.ipv6Illustration

IPv4 addresses are comprised of a 32-bit value. This system is what the majority of the internet has been using for Internet Protocol (IP). A standard IPv4 address looks like this:

(192.x.x.xxx)

This 32-bit integer system allows for a possible combination of up to 4,294,967,296 (232) addresses. Yes, that’s a lot of addresses but we have run out of them, in fact we ran out of them in early 2011. Keep in mind that there are over 20 billion active devices connected to the internet.

The Problem:

Every single device that connects to the internet is assigned an IP address. As we mentioned earlier, there are billions of devices out there and that number keeps getting higher every day. The internet needs to be able to keep up with that incredible pace, but it can’t. IPv4 has already run out of addresses and all we can do with IPv4 addresses now is reclaim them and re-assign them.

The solution

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next step forward in internet address assignment. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address system and that means a possible combination of up to 3.4×1038  addresses, yes, that’s 340 trillion trillion trillion! Clearly this is the format we wan’t to be using in a world that’s constantly adding more and more devices to the internet.

A common address for IPv6 is formatted like this:

(2001:0db8:85a3:0042:1000:8a2e:0370:7334).

What are some other benefits that IPv6 has?

IPv6 is far more efficient when it comes to sending data and it even offers up auto configuration capabilities that don’t exist with IPv4. The new protocol is also much more secure and offers true end-to-end connectivity, which eliminates the need for Network Address Translation (NAT). NAT helped reduce problems with the IPv4 model as it began to run out of addresses by allowing you to hide multiple private IP addresses behind one IP address. Without it, we would have had a lot more trouble with IPv4 in the past.

So when do we switch and how long will it take?

Well the transition to IPv6 is going to take quite a while but it has already begun. The world IPv6 Launch occurred on June 6, 2012 and we continue to make progress as internet providers and websites make the change.

Am I on IPv6 Already?

Chances are that you aren’t but if you want to be sure, Google can help you figure that out by heading here.

 

 

Filed Under: Computers, Electronics, Guides, How To, Internet, Technology, Web Tagged With: Computers, internet, internet protocol, IP, ipv4, ipv6, Technology, Web

Small Asteroid to Do a Close Flyby of Earth

February 2, 2013 by Richard Vincenti Jr Leave a Comment

2012 DA14 is a small asteroid that is going to be flying past Earth on February 15th. The asteroid was discovered in February of 2012 by astronomers at the La Sagra Sky Survey. 2012 DA14 will be so close to Earth when it passes us that it will be within the Earth’s geosynchronous satellite ring, that’s pretty close. That distance is where some communications satellites reside, however it will be far above most other equipment and therefore will be a relatively low risk as it passes Earth at a blazing speed of 17,400 mph.

2012 DA14 Asteroid
2012 DA14 Asteroid Path (Source: NASA)

NASA will be taking advantage of this close approaching asteroid by studying it as it passes us.  2012 DA14 isn’t every large, it’s approximately 150ft across and won’t be visible by the naked eye when it passes us, but it should be visible through a telescope.

Update [NASA]

Filed Under: News, Science, Space Tagged With: 2012 DA14, asteroid, Earth, NASA, Science, Space, Technology

The Tablet Takeover

December 19, 2012 by Richard Vincenti Jr Leave a Comment

We have been taken over! Not by an alien race but a massive movement towards tablet based computing. Tablets are undoubtably becoming the king of the hill and it’s easy to see why. Need proof that tablets are game changers? Windows 8 is a shining example how big these little devices are. What makes them so popular and what will their role become in our lives as technology continues to evolve? WiiU Controller

I have talked to a lot of people, many come from varying backgrounds and from all different age groups and almost all of them own a tablet. The typical scene in today’s modern household consists of a tower style desktop PC collecting dust in the corner of a quiet room, perhaps with a pile of books on it or maybe even some old bills. Next, there’s the tried and true laptop, which is seeing a fair amount of usage despite it starting to show it’s age. Finally, we have the tablet. The tablet PC comes in many different sizes and shapes, some with a logo of fruit on it and others that run software with little green robots firmly in control. These are the devices that are most up-to date and used the most in today’s household.

By analyzing the scenario I just described one could infer that the tablet is on track to replace these other devices, but I would argue (at least for now) that tablets may be taking on a different role. The tablet PC may be better suited as a supplementary device to others, but it will do so while having the added benefit of being able to stand on it’s own. Nintendo’s Wii U is a great example of how tablet technology can merge with others to create a more immersive and rich experience. The Wii U GamePad follows along with the action on the big screen and it feels seamless and engaging. Although you could argue that the Wii U is more of a hybrid, it’s still a tablet at heart.

Nintendo is getting ready to launch it’s new streaming service TVii, which is offering up features that actually resemble a step forward in technology. You will be able to get additional information about what you’re watching on screen, like sports scores and statistics. You will be able to share what you’re watching with friends and family and choose programming right on your tablet device. What about having your interactive programming guide right on your tablet instead of covering up your T.V screen. The possibilities are numerous and we will soon be reaping the benefits.

This idea will translate easily to other devices and you can start to imagine companies like Apple releasing a television product that works perfectly with your iPad. A new version of Apple TV would be pretty slick, but why stop there? The tablet is the swiss army knife of the tech world and it’s only going to get better.

Filed Under: Android, Apple, Computers, Discussions, Electronics, Nintendo, Television Tagged With: Android, Apps, Computers, iPad, Nintendo, tablets, Technology, Television

Hot Flash? It could be the Future of Memory

December 2, 2012 by Richard Vincenti Jr Leave a Comment

We are beginning to realize the power of flash memory. Flash memory is fast, efficient, compact, and now it’s becoming more affordable than it has ever been before, but it has a few limitations that we need to get past if we are going to continue to use it for our primary data storage solution.

One of the major issues with flash memory is it’s relatively short lifespan. A typical flash device can only handle, at best, 1 million cycles before it begins to stop functioning correctly. Microchip

This is a big problem especially if you are depending solely on flash memory to hold your data. Even if you don’t completely rely on flash you still want to maximize the lifespan of anything you buy. Fortunately, there is progress being made as we speak on this very problem.

Engineers at the Taiwan based company Macronix, have found that applying extreme heat to memory cells within NAND flash devices can bring previously unusable cells back to life. Temperatures used are around 800˚C  (1472˚F) and could be applied in short bursts to “jolt” the life back into the cells. Current efforts have seen the flash cells surpass 100 million cycles! The engineers at Macronix are hoping to show off this “self-healing” flash memory at the next IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), but it’s going to be some time before consumers will be able to get their hands on this new technology.

 

More information on this can be found here.

Filed Under: Computers, News, Science Tagged With: chip, flash memory, geek, IEEE, micro chip, NAND, Technology

Are Wars of the Future Going to be Fought by Hackers?

November 4, 2012 by Richard Vincenti Jr Leave a Comment

 
There’s no doubt that we are becoming more and more dependent on technology, the age of convenience is upon us. Many of us may have gone years without setting foot in a bank and how often do you write paper checks? Instead of getting our news from a newspaper we head to our favorite website instead. Cloud storage is on the rise and soon much of our data will be stored on remote servers, if it isn’t already. Everyday we become increasingly vulnerable to cyber attacks as we have more and more to loose.Code World

Warfare today still employs man power to get things done but the modern battlefield is also a war of machines. Robotic technology is being used not only for surveillance but also as a weapon. If hackers are somehow able to get into these systems, it could spell disaster on an epic scale. Imagine if a hacker were able to take down GPS systems and major data centers, then think about how that would impact the intelligence community and eventually the troops on the ground.

Now, imagine a scenario where both the military and businesses of a particular country are suddenly, without warning under attack. The economy could crash as banks and businesses are systematically shut down. What’s scary about all of this is that hackers are already threatening to bring this type of digital-warfare into reality. Small groups of hackers, usually brought together under one particular cause, are often decentralized and therefore extremely difficult or near impossible to track down. A digital assault could come from anywhere in the world and when one individual gets shut down another can take his or her place. Our digital world can essentially be held hostage until demands are met, there needs to be serious thought in how to avoid such a tragedy.

What becomes obvious here is that governments will need to create and maintain their own team of hackers and they will need to be spread through out the world as well. The future of countries could come down to a battle of wits in a digital battleground. It almost writes itself as a graphic novel, a team of super hackers defending the world against digital tragedy. What’s also apparent is that in some scenarios, we don’t really know how vulnerable we are until an attack has already occurred. We need to take a proactive effort to prepare ourselves for such a worst-case scenario.

Denial of service attacks (DDoS) have already been underway and have seriously impacted large banks like PNC Bank, Wells Fargo, U.S. Bank, Bank of America, and JPMorgan Chase. For these banks, online access becomes impossible and seriously impacts customers. It’s also important to note that these DDoS attacks aren’t just coming from any angry kid in his mothers basement, they are coming from groups, often called hacktivists,  that have major resources and are capable of doing serious damage.

My answer to the question in the title of this article is yes, war will undoubtably be fought online and the future of digital-warfare is already underway. We need to do a lot better in order to properly protect ourselves, the time to prepare is now.

 

Filed Under: Computers, Discussions, News Tagged With: Computers, DDoS, Digital Warfare, Hackers, Hacktivist, Technology

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